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O que é Ciclo do nitrogênio?
Como parte de seus processos biológicos, os peixes secretam resíduos na forma de amônia na urina. Na natureza, isso é simplesmente diluído pelo vasto ambiente aquático, no entanto, nos limites do aquário doméstico, a amônia se acumula muito rapidamente em níveis que causarão danos aos peixes. A exposição a baixos níveis de amônia fará com que o peixe se torne mais suscetível a infecções bacterianas, mas em quantidades maiores, ele queimará, causará graves dificuldades respiratórias e matará. Os novos filtros não contêm as bactérias benéficas necessárias para decompor a amônia produzida pelos peixes ou por alimentos não consumidos/podres. Para começar, embora o filtro possa remover mecanicamente detritos maiores, ele não está pronto para lidar com a amônia excretada por meio de filtragem química. Um processo conhecido como Ciclo do Nitrogênio vê a amônia decomposta por meio de dois tipos específicos de bactérias que colonizarão gradualmente o meio filtrante ao longo de várias semanas. Este processo é como o filtro amadurece (ou ciclos) e, posteriormente, ajuda a manter a água livre de poluição. Quando os peixes são introduzidos em um novo aquário, haverá um pico de amônia à medida que os resíduos são excretados. As bactérias Nitrosomonas começam a colonizar o meio filtrante e, usando oxigênio, convertem a amônia em nitrito um pouco menos prejudicial (mas ainda muito problemático para os peixes). À medida que o nitrito começa a subir, a amônia começa a cair. Uma segunda espécie de bactéria, Nitrospira, começa então a converter o nitrito em nitrato muito menos prejudicial. Quando o filtro estiver maduro, não haverá amônia e nitrito presentes, e o nitrato resultante pode ser diluído por meio de trocas parciais de água. O nitrato não é tão mortal para os peixes quanto o nitrito e a amônia, mas para uma melhor saúde a longo prazo, os peixes não devem ser expostos a altos níveis.
Sinônimos
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Nome de termo em inglês
Nitrogen Cycle
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