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O que é Aragonita?
É um mineral calcário, que pode ter origem mineral ou biológica (esqueletos de carbonato de cálcio de corais de recife e conchas). A aragonita é uma das formas cristalinas do carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3). No aquarismo, a aragonita é utilizada como substrato para aquário marinhos (sendo essencial para a replicação das condições do recife em aquários) e também em aquários de água doce (ciclídeos africanos). Em ambos os casos, ela ajuda a manter a alcalinidade da água e um pH alto e estável.
A aragonita é encontrada à venda para uso como substrato de aquários na forma processada, variando bastante em termos de granulometria e origem, podendo apresentar-se em forma de areia, ou de lascas finas ou grossas de conchas. Normalmente é branca ou acinzentada, sendo raro encontrar aragonita inteiramente rosada. Como substrato, a aragonita pode ser encontrada com traços de outras cores, normalmente resultado da pigmentação natural das conchas ou de algas aderidas. Nesses casos, a tendência é que ela fique acinzentada em breve, devido às reações químicas e biológicas pela qual passa nos aquários.
Outro mineral calcário semelhante à aragonita e amplamente utilizado nos aquários é a dolomita. Enquanto a aragonita é formada somente por carbonato de cálcio, a dolomita apresenta em sua composição, além do carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3), o carbonato de magnésio (MgCO3). Outra diferença é que a aragonita pode ter origem mineral ou biológica, mas a origem da dolomita é exclusivamente mineral.
Tanto a aragonita quando a dolomita aumentam o pH, a reserva alcalina e a dureza da água. No momento em que elas se solubilizam, a aragonita libera um íon de cálcio e outro de carbonato, enquanto a dolomita libera um íon de cálcio, um de magnésio e dois de carbonato, aumentando muito mais a dureza da água. Assim, o uso da dolomita pode ser bom para aquários marinhos, mas prejudicial para grande parte dos peixes de água doce, principalmente os amazônicos.
Um terceiro mineral semelhante também conhecido dos aquaristas é a calcita, que apresenta a mesma composição química da aragonita mas com uma solubilidade bem menor, tendo, por consequência, um efeito menor no pH do aquário.
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Termos relacionados
Dolomita, Calcita, Alcalinidade
Nome de termo em inglês
Aragonite
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